「満洲」農業開拓民と北海道農法 : 「東亜農業のショウウィンドウ」建設の結末(2013年度シンポジウム 日本帝国圏における農業資源開発-「資源化」と総力戦体制の比較史-)

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  • The Japanese Peasant Immigrants to Manchuria and Hokkaido Agricultural Methods : The Ending of the Model Construction for Agriculture in East Asia(Symposium-2013- Agricultural Resource Development of Japanese Imperial Sphere: A Comparative History of "Resourcing" and the Total War System)
  • 「満洲」農業開拓民と北海道農法 : 「東亜農業のショウウィンドウ」建設の結末
  • 「 マンシュウ 」 ノウギョウ カイタクミン ト ホッカイドウ ノウホウ : 「 トウア ノウギョウ ノ ショウウィンドウ 」 ケンセツ ノ ケツマツ

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The purpose of the article is to clarify the reasons why Hokkaido agricultural methods did not spread to Japanese peasant immigrants to Manchuria. One of the main roles of these groups was to quickly create the great, modern form of management in Manchuria that became a model for agriculture in East Asia. In order to fulfill this goal, the advanced Hokkaido agricultural methods were introduced to Japanese peasant immigrants after 1938. They made the following demands of the leadership of executives and instructors; 1) the acquisition of farming techniques in Manchuria; 2) the efficient execution of rice farming, dry field farming, and the management of domestic animals using only family labor as opposed to hired labor; 3) the maintenance of a healthy life suitable for the climate of Manchuria. Then the groups included immigrants in a branch village and the detachment of youth pioneering brigades were expected especially. However, the lack of Hokkaido agricultural machinery was one of the major reasons why Hokkaido agricultural methods did not spread. And then, there were also reasons why Japanese peasant immigrants could not introduce Hokkaido agricultural methods into their work. These include 1) a lack of training in Hokkaido agricultural methods; 2) a decline in their physical strength due to the deficiency of their living systems; 3) lack of the study in the Manchurian agricultural experimental stations and research institutes; and 4) lack in quality, quantity both sides of the members of spread. Thus, the Japanese peasant immigrants to Manchuria had no choice but to leave agriculture and were unsuccessful in their attempts to construct the model for agriculture in East Asia.

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