ノールの「教育的関係」論にマカレンコが与えた影響 : 戦後ノールにおける「教育的関係」把握の変化とその理論的背景

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  • The Influence of A. S. Makarenko on the Theory of "Educational Relations" Offered by H. Nohl : The Change in Nohl's Later Works and His Theoretical Background
  • ノール ノ キョウイクテキ カンケイ ロン ニ マカレンコ ガ アタエタ エイ

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The purpose of this paper is to make it clear how the concept of "educational relations" was re-interpreted theoretically by H. Nohl in his later works and then how A. S. Makarenko exercised an influence on his re-interpretation. In West Germany Nohl is the first educational researcher who reviewed for "Pedagogical Poem" written by Makarenko. Nohl saw him as an educational genius and a humanitarian. Nohl took an interest in Makarenko in respect to participate in their educational practices which devoted to the rehabilitation of waifs and juvenile delinquents. Nohl proposed the concept of educational relations, which means the personal relations of a teacher to a student. This concept was criticized by many educational reseachers for the ground that he ignored ultrapersonal and social forces which were at work in all sites of educational phenomena. Especially Makarenko sharply pointed out this problem. He developed the idea of education in and through a collective. For the background of Makarenko's thought, Nohl changed theoretically the way of comprehending the concept of educational relations and contained a collectivistic character in it. He made much of a group instruction rather than merely classroom learning and regarded a teacher as a helper. And he emphasized individual subordination to the group and attached much importance to the discipline in the group of students.

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