The Construction of Educational Evaluation of the "Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata" before the World War II : Focusing on children and teacher's Tsuzurikata-review

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  • 戦前生活綴方における教育評価論の構造 : 1930年代の「集団的合評作業」の分析を中心に
  • センゼン セイカツ ツヅリカタ ニ オケル キョウイク ヒョウカロン ノ コウゾウ 1930ネンダイ ノ シュウダンテキ ガッピョウ サギョウ ノ ブンセキ オ チュウシン ニ

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to make clear the construction of educational evaluation of the "Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata" (life composition) before the World War II. First, I analysys the formation process of the educational evaluation theory of Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata in 1930s, and clear the three points. (1) After teachers knew children's severe life, teachers had questions of value at school standard. So they tried to formulate new system of value, "Seikatsu-gaku", from popular cultures. (2) Some teachers thought about a great deal of Tsuzurikata works, and they discovered children's actual feeling and worry. Therefore, teachers thought it was important Tsuzurikata-centered curriculum. The criteria of Tsuzurikata-review were not only reality of thought and expression, but also action in life. But it didn't mean depriving children of freedom in thought and action. The teachers' aim was liberation children from standard in school and nation, and help them to create new culture, moreover, develop to new pedagogy based on "Seikatsu-gaku." (3) A teacher argued important of teachers' new culture to assessment "Seikatsugaku" and new pedagogy. Second, I analysis the practice of the educational evaluation in children and teacher's Tsuzurikata-review. It shows the two points. (1) Teachers took care of children's free expression, and were placed on not the authority but cooperative worker. (2) Children and teacher's Tsuzurikata-review generated new cultures in classroom. The culture based on cooperative work and cooperative thinking. In conclusion, the educational evaluation of the "Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata" was built in the Tsuzurikata-review which produced new culture.

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