2 地球温暖化政策とアジア大洋州の天然ガスの市場の関係(<特集>オーストラリアの環境資源問題と日豪関係)

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  • 2 The best policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is import of more natural gas (LNG) from Asia and Oceania(<Special issues>Symposium, "Environmental Resource Issues in Australia and the Relations with Japan")
  • 地球温暖化政策とアジア大洋州の天然ガスの市場の関係
  • チキュウ オンダンカ セイサク ト アジア タイヨウシュウ ノ テンネン ガス ノ シジョウ ノ カンケイ

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Japan and Australia have a close economic relationship, mainly because of the huge trade in natural resources. In 2008, of the natural gas that Australia exports, 80% was for Japan, while 17% of the same resource imported by Japan is from Australia. The author thinks that the import volume of natural gas from Australia will sharply increase in line with the Japanese Government's countermeasures to global warming. Countries party to the Framework Convention on Climate Change discuss the framework and aim to counter global warming after the regime of the Kyoto Protocol, which requires industrialized countries to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) by an average of 5% against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012. In June 2009, the Japanese Government, to show its basic stance on negotiations under the Convention, adopted the target, and plans to reduce the emission of GHG by an average of 8% against 1990 levels. However, the author thinks that this target is not feasible. This is, firstly, because the Government plans to reach the target mainly by energy-saving technologies, some of which are still under development; and secondly, because the amount of CO_2 emissions (which constitute round 90% of GHG) in 2005 increased by 11% against 1990 levels, in spite of the Government's strong energy-saving policy. The author proposes that replacing some of the consumption of oil and coal with the consumption of natural gas, of which the carbon emission factor is relatively low, is a potential way to reduce the emission of CO_2 drastically, without depending on uncertain measures. To demonstrate the proposition, this paper shows, firstly, that the policy of replacement is effective in reaching the reduction target by calculating the rate of CO_2 reduction in some cases; and secondly, by analyzing the market situation of natural gas in Asia and Oceania, that Japan will not find any difficulty in securing enough natural gas from Australia to meet the requirement for the target. This paper concludes that the proper policy for the Japanese Government in reducing GHG emissions is to import more natural gas from Australia. The policy would also be of benefit to the Australian economy.

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