<芸術家>としての消費者 : Oscar Wildeのアメリカ講演(1882年)における室内装飾・服装マニュアル本の影響を中心に(関東英文学研究)

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  • 'Consumers as Artists' : The Influence of Household Manual Books on Oscar Wilde's Lectures in America (1882)(Kanto Review of English Literature)
  • 〈芸術家〉としての消費者 : Oscar Wildeのアメリカ講演(1882年)における室内装飾・服装マニュアル本の影響を中心に
  • 〈 ゲイジュツカ 〉 ト シテ ノ ショウヒシャ : Oscar Wilde ノ アメリカ コウエン(1882ネン)ニ オケル シツナイ ソウショク ・ フクソウ マニュアル ホン ノ エイキョウ オ チュウシン ニ

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This paper attempts to delineate how household and dress manual books by William Loftie and Mrs. Mary Haweis influenced Oscar Wilde's lectures in America and how it further prepared the basis for his later ideas of art, by focusing on how his notion of "artists" had changed during the tour. In 1882, Wilde was on a lecture tour in America, giving three kinds of papers: "The English Renaissance," "The Decorative Arts," and "The House Beautiful." Wilde went to America more as a representative of English Aestheticism than as a prominent writer at that time; however, the lectures he delivered are of great importance when one seeks to study Wilde's later interest in integrating the diverse cultural domains of women, art, house decoration and dress. Recent studies have indicated that Wilde, who had often been aligned with elite male Aesthetes, had actually paid great attention to female popular culture; but their focus tends to stay on his later works such as his editorship of The Woman's World (1887-90). However, his correspondence shows that he referred to Loftie's A Plea for Art in the House (1876) and Mrs. Haweis's The Art of Dress (1879) while he was writing "The House Beautiful." It is noticeable these manual books were popular among a Victorian middle-class audience and that they tried to redefine consumers as "artists." Mrs. Haweis, in particular, sought to achieve this by applying John Ruskin's ideal of free-thinking workmen to the role of female consumers. I will show how Wilde adapted this redefinition and synthesised it with his own developing concepts of art. Thus, this paper aims to contextualise Wilde in relation to the Aesthetic Movement, which could be associated with popular culture, rather than to Aestheticism, a seeming elite preserve of male culture, with which Wilde had been more customarily associated.

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