Occupational Gender Segregation and Wages in Japan

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  • 性別職域分離が賃金に与える影響とそのメカニズムに関する実証研究 : 技能に注目して
  • セイベツ ショクイキ ブンリ ガ チンギン ニ アタエル エイキョウ ト ソノ メカニズム ニ カンスル ジッショウ ケンキュウ : ギノウ ニ チュウモク シテ

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Many studies based on U.S. data have shown that the female-dominated occupations generally make lower wages than the male-dominated occupations, through exploring a mechanism between gender segregation and the wage gap by controlling skills and credentials. In contrast, there are a few corresponding studies in Japan, which have shown that occupational gender segregation directly affects the wage gap, though they do not properly include all occupations and skills. This paper examines how occupational gender segregation affects female wages in Japan using JGSS data sets from 2006 and 2008, by controlling various aspects of skills both in the Japanese employment system and in the professional credential system. Based on OLS analysis, the major findings are as follows: First, the analysis shows that the female-dominated occupations earn higher wages than the gender-mixed occupations. Second, "skills with things" account for the wage gap between the female-dominated occupations and the gender-mixed occupations. Third, the professional occupational system and "skills with people", not the Japanese employment system, account for the wage gap between female-dominated occupations and gender-mixed occupations. In conclusion, the female-dominated occupations can raise wages through the professional credential system, in contradiction to previous research on gender segregation and the wage gap in Japan.

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