Local Partnership and Community Governance : The Case of the Neighbourhood Renewal Policies in the UK

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  • 地域パートナーシップとコミュニティ・ガバナンス : 英国の地域・近隣再生政策を事例として(大会報告論文:異領域で対話可能なシステム概念の再構築を目指して～社会経済システム理論におけるシステム概念の捉え直し～)
  • 地域パートナーシップとコミュニティ・ガバナンス--英国の地域・近隣再生政策を事例として
  • チイキ パートナーシップ ト コミュニティ ガバナンス エイコク ノ チイキ キンリン サイセイ セイサク オ ジレイ ト シテ

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Abstract

In England, New Labour has formed diverse local partnership structures both as service delivery systems and as democratic renewal mechanisms by developing its neighbourhood renewal policies and modernization agenda since it took office in 1997. These local partnerships, which are multi-layered ranging from the strategic level to the neighbourhood level within the boundary of each local authority, have been regarded as new spaces for community governance. This paper focuses on the governance of partnerships for 'New Deal for Communities,' one of the most devolved program among the New Labour's policies. It reviews whether the NDC partnerships, introduced by a top-down policy approach, can enhance bottom-up participatory governance termed as 'citizen governance' under the H. Sullivan's normative framework. We identified the gap between the policy discourse and the reality of the governance through the conduct of empirical studies on NDC partnerships. We found that the NDC partnerships were virtually controlled and steered by the central government while they were superficially addressed as genuine community-led partnerships. The citizen governance model for the NDC partnerships is yet to be established. However, we can reassess such local partnerships in terms of 'political opportunity structure.' That is, the local partnerships can provide the citizen with learning opportunities to build their capacity and develop their countervailing powers even if the citizen governance model continues to be less dominant within the partnerships. From this point of view, we should prioritize co-evolution rather than co-governance or co-production as a rationale for the local partnerships. Thus the local partnerships should be developed as learning organizations to promote social learning within the communities and extend the network of knowledge creation.

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