仮名の視的提示における知覚と記憶の情報処理

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タイトル別名
  • Information Processing of Perception and Memory in Visual Presentations of Japanese Syllabary
  • カナ ノ シテキ テイジ ニ オケル チカク ト キオク ノ ジョウホウ ショリ

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G. A. Miller (1956) showed that there were some limitations in capacity of information processing in absolute judgment and immediate or short-term memory. And he suggested the span of absolute judgment and the span of short-term memory were much different kinds of limitation imposed upon human capacity of information processing. Teichner and his collaborators (1961, 1962, 1963) analysed the difference between the span of discrimination and the span of identification using the alphabetical multisymbol displays. Present study was performed with the tachistoscopic presentations of Japanese syllabary. Four experimental variables were operated. (1) The amount of information (increasing of the number of categories: the number of different kinds of letter, 3-9 letters). (2) Density, the repetitions of the same letters. (1, 3, and 5.) (3) Exposure time. (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 sec.) (4) Response sets. 48 undergraduate students were divided into four groups of different response sets. They were requested to perform the judgmental task with the projected stimuli by means of 210 slides which were changed in categories and densities. Slide was presented with randam order. Main results were as follows: (1) The information transmitted increased with the amount of input information, but there were some limitations. The mean channel capacity under the three response sets was about 2.3 bits (5.3 categories) in the identification (naming of the letters), while about 2.5 bits (6.3 categories) in the discrimination (counting the same letters). See Fig.7. (2) Densities did not show the positive effect in this experiment. See Fig.1. (3) Amount of information transmitted increased with the exposure time, but percentage correct decreased with the number of categories. See Fig.4. (4) Under the sets of naming only (identification only), counting only (discrimination only of the number of the same letters), naming first and then counting, or counting first and then naming, the percent correct or the number of correctly reported was greater in the discrimination than the identification (Fig.7.). It was found out that also with Japanese syllabary there were the limits of the span of discrimination (perception) and the span of identification (immediate or short-term memory), and the span of perception was larger than the span of short-term memory.

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