第二次大戦下ドイツ東部地域における国土計画 : あるプランナーの生涯に寄せて

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タイトル別名
  • Regional Planning in Silesia During World War II : Gerhard Ziegler as Landesplaner
  • ダイニジ タイセン カ ドイツ トウブ チイキ ニ オケル コクド ケイカク : アル プランナー ノ ショウガイ ニ ヨセテ

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説明

After Germany's invasion of Polandin September 1939, the occupied areas became a tabula rasa for German Landesplaner (regional planners), who believed that they could rebuild them to create an "ideal" German landscape. Focusing on one of these planners, Gerhard Ziegler, this paper investigates regional planning in Germany during World War II. Ziegler was responsible for regional planning in Silesia, a disputed border region between Poland and Germany, in his capacity as managerial director of the Landesplanungsgemeinschaft (Regional Planning Association) of Silesia from 1940 and of Upper Silesia from the following year. In their well-known study on regional planners under the NS-regime, G. Aly and S. Heim describe Ziegler as one of the "Vordenker der Vernichtung (guiding intellectuals of genocide)," a technocrat who was indifferent to the criminal activity of the Nazis and who worked with them for the administration of occupied areas. Documents that are not used by Aly and Heim show, however, that Ziegler was an active member of the anti-Nazi group that made an unsuccessful assassination attempt against Hitler on July 20, 1944. This paper investigates the activities of the regional planning associations in Silesia and Ziegler's ambivalent path to the anti-Hitler movement. Through this investigation, we intend to make a critical reassessment of the recent interpretation of the NS-regime that places it in the framework of the Foucauldian Moderne, and of this interpretation's argument regarding "technocrats." The Moderne argument regards the years from the late 19^<th> century till the 1960s/70s as a special period whose main characteristic was the pursuit of an "order" that had been lost under the laissez-faire doctrines of the 19^<th> century. According to this argument, science and policy were mobilized in combination as the main instrument for reinstating order. This perspective sees regional planning as a typical Moderne phenomenon, and pays special attention to the personal, ideological, and methodological continuity between the regional planning of the NS-era and that of post-war West Germany. Another line of continuity is evident, however, in Ziegler's words and activities during World War II, which cannot be understood as part of the pursuit of "order," namely the idea of regional planning from the bottom up, based on voluntary cooperation among local communities. This approach, the roots of which can probably be traced back to Weimar period, became an important legacy inherited by the regional planners of post-World War II West Germany.

収録刊行物

  • 歴史と経済

    歴史と経済 57 (2), 17-32, 2015

    政治経済学・経済史学会

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