言語計画論としてのターミノロジー理論

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タイトル別名
  • Terminology as as language planning theory
  • 言語計画論としてのターミノロジーの理論
  • ゲンゴ ケイカクロン ト シテ ノ ターミノロジー ノ リロン

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In Japan, topic of terminology is seldom discussed in the context of language planning. However, terminology, including systematical neologism, standardization and compilation of science and technology terms, is not only an important component of corpus planning in typically developing countries. It also has often to do with status planning in bi- and multilingual societies. After a brief introduction of representative topics of language planning, we review the doctoral dissertation of E. Wuster, who is regarded as a "father" of terminology. As we see, his "theory" was first conceived as a kind of international language-planning program. He regarded different conceptual systems of terms as a hindrance of communication, which was to be eliminated. He proposed methods for compiling terminological collections, deciding on a unified conceptual system, and standardizing terms based on definitions of concepts with the help of national and international standardization bodies. He aimed at introducing one common international auxiliary language at last. This disputable final object of Wuster is rarely recalled today neither by those working for standardization nor those compiling terminology, not to mention computer application designers. Nevertheless, not few people follow the tenets and proposed practices without questioning their validity and applicability. Some ISO standards authorize them, too. Moreover, some authors assert that in case of terminology, a concept is language-independent and corresponds to one and only one term in each language, concluding that equivalents in different languages are also to match. The objective of Wuster's language planning is here asserted as the status quo. A statement of this kind is often found in technical writings in the last two decades, including manuals of terminological databases and proposals for data exchange format. Possible causes and consequences of this still need to be investigated. A review of some writings presented here reveals that social, political and economical factors are involved in the theory and methodology of terminology largely. Scientists and engineers dealing with the topic of terminology should therefore be aware of this interaction and examine the validity of asserted principles and the applicability of methodological proposals to their own purposes.

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