コミュニケーションへの権利と市民社会メディア: 政策の新しい方向性

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  • Communication Rights and Civil Society Media-new directions in media and communications policy
  • コミュニケーション エ ノ ケンリ ト シミン シャカイ メディア セイサク ノ アタラシイ ホウコウセイ

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抄録

The communication rights concept emerged to re-emphasize and expand the original meaning of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, which refers to the right of every person to express herself or himself through any media. Communication rights, though at times controversial, is now widely accepted as a key principle in media and communications policy around the world. In this context, the important role of 'media by, for, and of the people' (here referred to as 'civil society media') for realizing the rights of individuals and groups (especially of marginalized people) has been increasingly recognized in research and in policy around the world. In Japan, researchers have long argued that the Internet has not solved the problem of access to the means of communication and that civil society media should be legally recognized, for example in community radio and public access TV legislation (as they are in many countries). Moreover, many are concerned that recent trends in Internet and broadcast policy may re-enforce the dominance of commercial media and government, and further marginalize civil society media. In current debates on broadcasting-telecommunications convergence and the possibility of an independent regulating authority, the authors contend, the perspective of civil society media has been missing. How to design policy based on communication rights? We solve this question by reviewing existing international research on communication rights, civil society media and policy. We find that most research focuses on community radio, and that communication rights and civil society media theory are not well connected. However, there are some commonly agreed principles that can be widely applied and can serve as guidelines for designing policy for civil society media in a Japanese context.

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