地域経営における教育委員会の位置づけ : 愛知県高浜市を事例として(戦後日本の教育行政研究(2)-教育委員会「存続」の意義を問い直す,I 年報フォーラム)

Takahama City in Aichi Prefecture, under the leadership of the city's Mayor, is pursuing the goal of becoming a city with "an ideal welfare system. " This follow-up study focuses on further discussion with members of the board of education and lessons learned about local management. We first present the reforms in Takahama City as they relate to the education system. Next, we consider selected characteristics of the reform movement. Finally, we consider the position of the board of education in local management. Welfare policy reforms in Takahama City are dependent on Mr. Sadanori Mori who has been serving as a Mayor sincel989. He has been putting a lot of his energy into making Takahama City unique in Japan in terms of how the policy of welfare is translated into community-wide reform. There are four characteristics of welfare policy planning in Takahama : (1)reforms are based on coherent welfare policy, (2)community participation in reform is paramount, (3)creation of an efficient administrative management system, and (4)explicit linking of welfare policy to community development. An example of how welfare policy reforms in Takahama City affect the education system is found in the establishment of a new elementary school. The following changes in the education system are being pursued in creating the new school : (1)a newly mandated board of education, (2)reform of educational and administrative organization, (3)public posting of the position of principal for the newly established school, (4)introduction of a school evaluation system. The characteristics of the reforms in Takahama City are : (1)welfare policy is affecting educational reform ; (2)the style of top-down policy formation is shifting toward bottom-up policy formation through increased community participation. The features of the way in which policy is driving reform include : (1)the existing "human network" is being tapped for professional capital, (2)for this reason, very experienced and educated staff are appropriately positioned, (3)and, it is being recognized that efficient administrative management and democratic policy need to be well balanced. Based on the study of the case of Takahama City, the ideal system for future development of boards of education is presented. A fundamental issue for boards of education must be meeting the needs of the community ("popular control"). Smaller boards of education than typical may help guarantee "community buy-in." On the other hand," professional leadership" is key to the success of any board of education. Even staff members working for the board of education should have training in the education system or in educational administration. Furthermore, the board of education and its staff should understand the role of education in the community and city and liaison with other governmental groups whose work relates to community education more broadly.