Developmental Toxicity of Nanoparticles on the Brain

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  • Umezawa Masakazu
    Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Onoda Atsuto
    Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Takeda Ken
    Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science

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Other Title
  • ナノ粒子の妊娠期曝露が次世代中枢神経系に及ぼす影響
  • ナノ リュウシ ノ ニンシンキ バクロ ガ ジセダイ チュウスウ シンケイケイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

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Abstract

 The toxicity of nanoparticles (nanotoxicology) is being investigated to understand both the health impacts of atmospheric ultrafine particles—the size of which is a fraction (<0.1 μm aerodynamic diameter) of that of PM2.5 (<2.5 μm diameter)—and the safer use of engineered nanomaterials. Developmental toxicity of nanoparticles has been studied since their transfer from pregnant body to fetal circulation and offspring body was first reported. Here we reviewed the developmental toxicity of nanoparticles on the brain, one of the most important organs in maintenance of mental health and high quality of life. Recently the dose- and size-dependency of transplacental nanoparticle transfer to the fetus was reported. It is important to understand both the mechanism of direct effect of nanoparticles transferred to the fetus and offspring and the indirect effect mediated by induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pregnant body. Locomotor activity, learning and memory, motor coordination, and social behavior were reported as potential neurobehavioral targets of maternal nanoparticle exposure. Histopathologically, brain perivascular cells, including perivascular macrophages and surrounding astrocytes, have an important role in waste clearance from the brain parenchyma. They are potentially the most sensitive target of maternal exposure to low-dose nanoparticles. Further investigations will show the detailed mechanism of developmental toxicity of nanoparticles and preventive strategies against intended and unintended nanoparticle exposure. This knowledge will contribute to the safer design of nanoparticles through the development of sensitive and quantitative endpoints for prediction of their developmental toxicity.<br>

Journal

  • YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

    YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 137 (1), 73-78, 2017-01-01

    The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

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