Meso-level Interactions, Macro-level Repercussions: The Curious Case of the 20th February Movement in Morocco

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This article investigates the case of the 20th February Movement in Morocco and tries to provide an explanatory account for its evolution and its inability to achieve its stated goals. Emerging in the wake of the so-called “Arab Spring,” the movement was able to mobilize large numbers of people from all ideological shades around a set of mainly political demands. Yet, it was not able to achieve its goals, and through a combination of external and internal factors, lost much of its mobilization capabilities. The article starts with a review of the movement’s evolution and its interactions with the state from 2011 to 2012. This review is followed by an analysis aimed at specifying the mechanisms and processes at play in the episode by investigating both the meso and macro-levels interactions. The resulting account clarifies the intricacies of the case, and underlines the significance of some key elements that shaped the trajectories of the movement as well as the state-movement interactions. Finally, this article provides a relational account of the movement’s evolution, highlighting how its puzzling failure to achieve its goals can be better explained by examining both the movement’s external interactions as well as the internal dynamics occurring within itself.

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