Déforestation et foyer amélioré au sub-Sahara: Efficacité sous les conditions pratiques dans les ménages

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  • サハラ南縁地域の森林破壊と改良カマド：世帯における実際の使用条件下での効率性
  • Deforestation et foyer ameliore au sub-Sahara: Efficacite sous les conditions pratiques dans les menages

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Abstract

This study analyzed the efficacy of an improved cooking stove at the household level in sub-Saharan Africa. The improved cooking stove was introduced in the sub-Sahara zone in the mid-1980s to help combat deforestation, replacing the three-stone stove, which has low caloric efficiency. Various materials are used in the improved cooking stoves, including clay, sundried bricks, and metal. Most of the promoters of the improved cooking stove have chosen the metallic type because of its mobility and solidity. Unfortunately, the use of these stoves has not spread. There are two main reasons for this failure—price and convenience. First, the improved cooking stove costs 3,000 CFA (4.6 Euros), which is too expensive for the beneficiaries. Second, the stove is inconvenient to use. Field research was carried out in three households in Tourba, located on the southern shore of Lake Chad. Of the three households, two used the improved cooking stove, while the other used only a traditional three-stone stove. The qualitative analysis showed that improved cooking stoves are used together with three-stone stoves. The reason for the parallel use with three-stone stoves was that it is inconvenient to cook cereal balls on the improved stove, as the hot water and cereal flour must be stirred in the pot on the stove. The quantitative analysis showed three differences in fuel wood consumption—across households, between maize and rice, and between the improved cooking stove and three-stone stove. In conclusion, fuel wood consumption is influenced by the number of stoves used, differences in cereals and ingredients, and the size of fuel wood used in the cooking stoves. To save fuel wood, the cooks must also be conscious of the cost of fuel. The logic of the improved cooking stove is clear for its promoters, but under real cooking conditions, the full capacity of the stove is not always utilized. In addition, we need more synthetic studies of the problem of household energy use and wood utilization in the management of Sub-Saharan deforestation.

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