Observation and analysis of internal structure of rock using X-ray CT.

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  • Ｘ線ＣＴによる岩石内部構造の観察・解析法
  • Xセン CT ニ ヨル ガンセキ ナイブ コウゾウ ノ カンサツ カイセキホウ

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Abstract

X-ray computerized tomography (CT) is a technique to reconstruct a CT image showing the spatial distribution of X-ray linear absorption coefficients (LAC's) of the materials in a sample. This technique allows us to observe and to analyze non-destructively, the three-dimensional precise internal structure of rocks. The LAC is a physical property which depends on density, state and chemical composition of the material and X-ray energy used in the measurement. Chemical composition of a material greatly affects the LAC for the photon energy level of the medical X-ray CT scanners. Filtered back-projection (FBP) method and convolution back-projection (CBP) method are applied to the reconstruction of a CT image from the obtained X-ray projection data. A suitable choice of a reconstruction filter in the methods enables us to enhance the target texture in the image. An artifact called beam hardening occurs in the CT image obtained by the CT scanner with polychromatic X-ray. This artifact can be reduced by the use of a suitable pad for the sample and/or by the correction of the image using spectrum data of the X-ray source used in the measurement and bulk density and chemical composition of the sample material. To apply the X-ray CT to advanced observation and quantitative analysis of the internal structure of rock, it is necessary to understand the basic theory and the detailed techniques used in the X-ray CT.

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