Toxicity of insecticides to the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, and its parasitoids, Chrysocharis pentheus and Sympiesis striatipes (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

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The experiments were conducted to learn about the relative toxicity of insecticides against the two parasite wasps of citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella. The relative toxicity of 12 common insecticides against the eggs and first instar larvae of the pest, and its parasitoids of Chrysocharis pentheus and Sympiesis striatipes, which are dominant species in Ehime Prefecture, was compared in 2003. Corrected mortalities were evaluated by dipping or spraying methods for the CLM eggs and larvae, and by clip-cage bioassay for the parasitoid wasps. All the insecticides tested showed almost over 90% mortality to the first instar larvae of citrus leafminer, but a lesser effect to the eggs. Against the adult parasitoids, imidacloprid (a.i. 0.005%), thiamethoxam (a.i. 0.003%) and acetamiprid (a.i. 0.005%) of the nicotinoide insecticides were less toxic, but dinotefuran (a.i. 0.02%) showed rather high mortalities. Of the IGRs, teflubenzuron (a.i. 0.05%) and diflubenzuron (a.i. 0.012%) were safe or less toxic to adult wasps. These three nicotinoide and two IGRs insecticides will be suitable candidates for use in the IPM program. Isoxathion (a.i. 0.025%) and primiphose-methyl (a.i. 0.056%) of the organophosphate and alanycarb (a.i. 0.04%) of carbamate were highly toxic. Bifenthrin (a.i. 0.0015%) of the pyrethroid and petroleum oil (a.i. 1.05%) were moderate in toxicity. Clothianidin (a.i. 0.005%) of the nicotinoide showed low toxicity to Chrysocharis pentheus but moderate toxicity to Sympiesis striatipes.

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