(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

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  • (Bi<sub>1/2</sub>Na<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>-(Bi<sub>1/2</sub>K<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

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Abstract

The piezoelectric properties of lead-free x(Bi1⁄2Na1⁄2)TiO3-y(Bi1⁄2K1⁄2)TiO3-zBaTiO3 [BNBKy:z(x); y:z = 4:1 and 2:1, x+y+z=1] with tetragonal compositions were investigated, focusing on the secondary phase transition T2 from the ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phases. Although the T2 temperatures of BNBK near the MPB composition remained at about 115°C, T2 rapidly shifted to a higher temperature of 200°C or higher for the off-MPB composition [x≤0.75 for BNBK4:1(x) and x≤0.78 for BNBK2:1(x)]. The piezoelectric activities of off-MPB compositions decreased with decreasing the amount (x) of BNT. The larger piezoelectric constant d33=135 pC/N, the higher secondary phase transition temperature T2=197°C, and the coupling factor k33=0.45 with a good temperature dependence were obtained for BNBK2:1(0.78).

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