Urinary Excretion Levels of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Pregnant and Lactating Women in Japan

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  • SHIBATA Katsumi
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
  • FUKUWATARI Tsutomu
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
  • SASAKI Satoshi
    Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
  • SANO Mitsue
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
  • SUZUKI Kahoru
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
  • HIRATSUKA Chiaki
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
  • AOKI Asami
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
  • NAGAI Chiharu
    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture

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Recent studies have shown that the urinary excretion levels of water-soluble vitamins can be used as biomarkers for the nutritional status of these vitamins. To determine changes in the urinary excretion levels of water-soluble vitamins during pregnant and lactating stages, we surveyed and compared levels of nine water-soluble vitamins in control (non-pregnant and non-lactating women), pregnant and lactating women. Control women (n=37), women in the 2nd (16-27 wk, n=24) and 3rd trimester of pregnancy (over 28 wk, n=32), and early- (0-5 mo, n=54) and late-stage lactating (6-11 mo, n=49) women took part in the survey. The mean age of subjects was ~30 y, and mean height was ~160 cm. A single 24-h urine sample was collected 1 d after the completion of a validated, self-administered comprehensive diet history questionnaire to measure water-soluble vitamins or metabolites. The average intake of each water-soluble vitamin was ≈ the estimated average requirement value and adequate intake for the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes in all life stages, except for vitamin B6 and folate intakes during pregnancy. No change was observed in the urinary excretion levels of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin or vitamin C among stages. Urine nicotinamide and folate levels were higher in pregnant women than in control women. Urine excretion level of vitamin B1 decreased during lactation and that of pantothenic acid decreased during pregnancy and lactation. These results provide valuable information for setting the Dietary Reference Intakes of water-soluble vitamins for pregnant and lactating women.

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