Possible Role of ZPAC, Zygote-specific Proteasome Assembly Chaperone, During Spermatogenesis in the Mouse

  • SHIMIZU Natsumi
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • UENO Kimihiro
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • KURITA Ena
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • SHIN Seung-Wook
    Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20892, USA
  • NISHIHARA Takuji
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • AMANO Tomoko
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • ANZAI Masayuki
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
  • KISHIGAMI Satoshi
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • KATO Hiromi
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
  • MITANI Tasuku
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
  • HOSOI Yoshihiko
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
  • MATSUMOTO Kazuya
    Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan

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In the mammalian testis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays important roles in the process that promotes the formation of mature sperm. We recently identified zygote-specific proteasome assembly chaperone (ZPAC), which is specifically expressed in the mouse gonads and zygote. ZPAC mediates a unique proteasome assembly pathway in the zygote, but the expression profile and function of ZPAC in the testis is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the possible role of ZPAC during mouse spermatogenesis. First, we analyzed the expression of ZPAC and 20S proteasome subunit α4/PSMA7 in the adult mouse testis. ZPAC and α4 were expressed in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids. In elongating spermatids, ZPAC was expressed until step 10, whereas expression of α4 persisted until step 12. We then examined the expression profile of ZPAC and α4 in a mouse model of experimental unilateral cryptorchidism. Consistent with appearance of morphologically impaired germ cells following cryptorchidism, the ZPAC protein level was significantly decreased at 4 days post induction of experimental cryptorchidism (D4) compared with the intact testis, although the amount of α4 protein persisted at least until D10. Moreover, intense ZPAC staining was co-localized with staining of annexin V, an early indicator of apoptosis in mammalian cells, in germ cells of cryptorchid testis, but ZPAC was also expressed in germ cells showing no detectable expression of annexin V. These results suggest that ZPAC plays a role during spermatogenesis and raises the possibility that 20S proteasome mediated by ZPAC may be involved in the regulation of germ cell survival during spermatogenesis.

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