A Cathepsin B Inhibitor, E-64, Improves the Preimplantation Development of Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos

  • MIN Sung-Hun
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
  • SONG Bong-Seok
    National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-883, Republic of Korea
  • YEON Ji-Yeong
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
  • KIM Jin-Woo
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
  • BAE Jung-Ho
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
  • PARK Soo-Yong
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
  • LEE Yong-Hee
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
  • CHANG Kyu-Tae
    National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-883, Republic of Korea
  • KOO Deog-Bon
    Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea

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Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important and powerful tool for basic research and biomedical and agricultural applications, however, the efficiency of SCNT has remained extremely low. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathepsin B inhibitor (E-64) supplementation of culture medium on in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos. We initially used three concentrations of E-64 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μm), among which 0.5 μm resulted in the highest rate of blastocysts production after in vitro fertilization (IVF), and was therefore used for further experiments. Blastocyst development of SCNT embryos in the E-64 treatment group also increased relative to the control. Moreover, the cryosurvival rates of IVF and SCNT blastocysts were increased in E-64 treatment groups when compared with the control. On the other hand, we found that IVF and SCNT blastocysts derived from E-64-treated groups had increased total cell numbers and decreased apoptotic nuclei. Furthermore, assessment of the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-xL) in bovine IVF and SCNT blastocysts treated with E-64 by real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed suppressed expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL. Taken together, these finding indicate that addition of E-64 to embryo culture medium may have important implications for improving developmental competence and preimplantation quality in bovine IVF and SCNT embryos.

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