Presence of a Temperature Gradient Among Genital Tract Portions and the Thermal Changes Within These Portions Over the Estrous Cycle in Beef Cows

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  • EL-SHEIKH ALI Hossam
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
  • KITAHARA Go
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
  • TAMURA Youji
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
  • KOBAYASHI Ikuo
    Sumiyoshi Science Field, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0121, Japan
  • HEMMI Koichiro
    Sumiyoshi Science Field, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0121, Japan
  • TORISU Shidow
    Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
  • SAMESHIMA Hiroshi
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
  • HORII Yoichiro
    Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
  • ZAABEL Samy
    Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
  • KAMIMURA Shunichi
    Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan

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The aim of the present study was to describe the temperature of the different portions of the female genital tract and their relation to rectal temperature and to investigate the effect of steroid hormones profiles on these variables over the estrous cycle in cattle. Four nonpregnant Japanese Black cows were investigated daily over two successive estrous cycles using a digital thermometer with a long probe and rounded-end sensor to record the temperature of the rectum (RT), vagina (VT), cervix (CT), uterine body (UBT) and uterine horns (UHT). Blood samples were collected immediately before temperature recording to assay peripheral levels of progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2). Moreover, transrectal ultrasonography was carried out after temperature recording to monitor the ovulatory follicle and track ovulation. During the experiment, the ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded for further calculation of the temperature humidity index (THI). The temperature within the genital tracts in these cows progressively increased towards the uterine horns from the vagina. The VT, CT, UBT and UHTs were significantly higher in association with peripheral P4 concentrations greater than 4 ng/ml (mid-luteal phase) when compared with lower peripheral P4 concentrations. The VT was more significantly (P<0.01) correlated to the CT, UBT and UHTs than RT. In conclusion, a temperature gradient was present among the vagina, cervix and uterus over the estrous cycle, and changes in peripheral P4 concentrations were associated with the thermal variations within these portions. The VT could be more beneficial than RT in monitoring temperature of deeper portions of the female genital tract in bovine.

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