Sodium Azide: A Review of Biological Effects and Case Reports.

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  • CHIBA Momoko
    Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine
  • OHMICHI Masayoshi
    Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine Chiba City Institute of Health and Environment
  • INABA Yutaka
    Chiba City Institute of Health and Environment

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  • アジ化ナトリウムの生体影響と事故例
  • アジカ ナトリウム ノ セイタイ エイキョウ ト ジコレイ

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Abstract

This report reviews the biological effects and case reports of suicidal or accidental ingestion of, and occupational exposure to sodium azide. Ingested doses of sodium azide were estimated for the 6 survival and 4 fatal cases studied. The lowest dose among survival cases was 5-10mg. The patient reported headache, sweating, and faintness within approximately 5 minutes of ingestion. Four victims ingested 20 to 40mg and recovered within 2 hours. However, a man who took 80mg reported chest pain for 6 months after ingestion. The smallest doses among fatal cases were 0.7-0.8g for women and 1.2-2g for men. All victims suffered from hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. There is no antidote for sodium azide. Detoxicants for cyanide such as sodium nitrite or thiosulfate were tried, but were unfortunately, ineffective. Sodium nitrite may worsen the hypotension caused by sodium azide, and is not recommended. Occupational exposure to sodium azide is thought to be common, however, fatal exposure is rare. NIOSH “Recommended Exposure Limits” for sodium azide is 0.3mg/m3.

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