スイートコーン呈味成分含量の収穫時刻による相異

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タイトル別名
  • Diurnal Variations in Contents of Tasty Compounds and Activities of Sugar Metabolizing Enzymes in Sweet Corn(Zea mays L.) Kernels.
  • スイートコーン テイミ セイブン ガンリョウ ノ シュウカク ジコク ニヨル

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Ears of sweet corns are usually harvested in the early morning, but effect of harvest-time of the day on their quality has not been known for sh 2 hybrid type corns. The levels of tasty compounds of kernels were examined at three different times during the harvesting day. Sucrose, a dominant tasty component in sweet corns was highest in the afternoon (around 13:30). Dry matters were highest at the sunset time, and lowest at night, followed by the increase after sunrise. On the other hand, starch tended to increase from afternoon to the sunset time and decreased at night, although no statistical difference was detected among these data at the three points. The carbohydrate metabolism in kernels was also evaluated by measuring activities of sucrose degrading enzymes. An increase in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity responsible for starch synthesis was observed at the time of sunset. This observation was consistent with the accumulation of starch and decrease of sucrose content at the time of sunset. Moreover, a decrease in sucrose synthase activity at the time of sunrise suggested the decrease of sucrose translocation into the kernels at night. These observa tions indicated the diurnal fluctuation of carbohydrate contents. However, it was difficult to distinguish the tastes of the kernels picked at different times, because an amount of the change was only 5.6% (0.5g/100g fresh weights) of the sucrose content. Kernels contained other tasty components such as organic acids and free amino acids. Increase of malic acid and alanine at the time of sunset suggested their possible relation to the tastes of sweet corn kernels. The picking in the early morning takes no advantage for sh 2 type sweet corns on the base of contents of tasty compounds at harvest. Temperatures of kernels were changed according to diurnal fluctuation of air temperature with a time lag of 30min: the highest at 13:00 and the lowest at 30min after sunrise. The precooling period of corn ears harvested at low temp. was shorter than that of others. Therefore, picking in the early morning was suitable for preparing sh 2 type sweet corns for market distribution.

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