Electromyographical Studies on the Swimming Movement of Carp : II. Pectoral Fin Movement

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  • 筋電図によるコイの遊泳運動の研究 : II. 胸鰭の運動
  • キンデンズ ニヨル コイ ノ ユウエイ ウンドウ ノ ケンキュウ 2 ムナビレ

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Abstract

In the previous paper of this series, the body movement of the carp was studied from a mechanical point of view by the use of the electromyographical technique. In the present paper investigation was carried out on the mechanism of the pectoral fin movement and the function of the pectoral fins in the swimming movement. A carp was restrained to a fish-holder in the water-tank. Certain reflex movements of the pectoral fins were evoked by tactile stimulations given to some selected parts of the carp. They apparently resembled the movements in free swimming. The pectoral fins were observed by detailed anatomical dissection. The reflex movements were analyzed by cinematography and the activities of the muscles of the pectoralfins by electromyography. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) There were five muscles concerned with the movement of the pectoral fin in the carp. 2) The movements of the pectoral fins were essentially divided into four patterns: forward flexion, backward elevation, downward flexion and horizontal opening. 3) The pectoral fins displayed fundamental functions essentially in the case of swimming backwards, rising or going down, turning to the right or the left, and keeping a bodily balance in the water.

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