Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of refractory inflammatory colorectal polyps in 15 Miniature Dachshunds

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  • FUKUSHIMA Kenjiro
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • EGUCHI Nozomi
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • OHNO Koichi
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • KANEMOTO Hideyuki
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • TAKAHASHI Masashi
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • IGARASHI Hirotaka
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • OHMI Aki
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • NAKASHIMA Ko
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
  • TSUJIMOTO Hajime
    Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan

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Abstract

Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP), common in miniature dachshunds, presents with hematochezia, tenesmus and mucoid feces. Although an 80% response rate has been reported when treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine, effective treatment is needed for the remaining 20% of ICRP dogs. Leflunomide is an immunosuppressive drug reported as effective in several immune-mediated diseases. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide in 15 ICRP dogs that were refractory to treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine. Treatment efficacy was assessed by endoscopy, clinical symptoms and rectal palpation. Adverse effects were determined by clinical symptoms and blood testing during follow-up. The leflunomide treatment response rate was 93.3%. The median dosage of leflunomide and the median response time were 3 mg/kg (range: 1.7–4.0 mg/kg) and 35 days (range: 20–119 days), respectively. Adverse effects observed included lethargy (3 dogs), anorexia (1 dog), respiratory symptoms (1 dog), leukocytopenia (2 dogs), thrombocytopenia (1 dog), anemia (1 dog) and liver enzyme elevation (8 dogs). Most of the adverse effects improved with symptomatic treatment and leflunomide discontinuation or dosage reduction. In conclusion, leflunomide treatment is effective in ICRP dogs refractory to treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine. Because several adverse effects were observed, close monitoring is needed during leflunomide treatment follow-up.

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