マメアブラムシの口器と寄主植物への口針そう(挿)入状態

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  • The Mouth Parts of <i>Aphis craccivora</i> KOCH and the Penetration of Stylets into Host Plants
  • マメアブラムシ ノ コウキ ト キシュ ショクブツ エ ノ クチシンソウ ソウ ニュウジョウタイ

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The mouth parts, their accessory organs, and the penetration of stylets into the host plants have been studied in Aphis craccivora KOCH on several species of host plants. The aphids feeding on host plants were suddenly paralyzed with ethyl ether, and plant portions with aphids were fixed in BOUIN'S fluid for 5-10 hours. Paraffin sections, 15μ thick, were stained with DELAFIELD'S hematoxyline, safranin T and acid fuchsin. The main results are summarized as follows:<br>(1) Food meatus is fine, and hypopharynx is thickened, sclerotized and is bound with maxillary stylets on each side and at this part food canal of the stylets is connected with food meatus, and salivary canal is with salivary meatus.<br>Cross section of well developed sucking pump is nearly pentagonal in shape, and the posterior side much sclerotized, but the anterior side membraneous. Dilator muscles arising from clypeus attach at the center of the anterior side.<br>(2) Salivary glands are in four pairs, namely principal, accessory, mandibular, and maxillary one. According to MILES (1959), Aphis craccivara KOCH secretes two kinds of saliva, a highly viscous secretion and a watery liquid. The former is used for sheath formation and seems to be secreted from the mandibular and maxillary glands, while the latter from the principal and accessory glands.<br>(3) Rostrum (labium) is shortened when stylets are inserted into plant tissues. The first segment of rostrum is pale, thin-integumented and flexible. The second segment is longer than the first, smaller in diameter, and more sclerotized, and can be telescopic within the first segment. The base of the second segment reaches the oesophagous ganglion when the stylets are inserted deep into the host plant tissues and the second segment of rostrum is much drawn within the first segment.<br>(4) The courses of stylets in plant tissues are different in some respects among different host plants. The stylets usually take a roundabout way to avoid mechanical tissues, but occasionally pass intercellularly through this tissue. They usually extend to phloem, but were commonly observed reaching the xylem, or the parenchyma of cortex on Phaseolus angularis WIGHT. The stylets or stylet tracks are found more times in the imperfect lignificational xylem than in the perfect one.

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