Reproduction of maple aphid (Periphyllus californiensis) in spring in relation to phenology of host tree.

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  • HASHIMOTO Hoshimi
    Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
  • FURUTA Kimito
    Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo

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  • カエデの生物季節とモミジニタイケアブラムシの春の産子
  • カエデ ノ セイブツ キセツ ト モミジニタイケアブラムシ ノ ハル ノ サン

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Description

The maple aphid (Periphyllus californiensis) infests maple trees the whole year round, and it spends the summer as aestivating dimorph, a first instar larva morphologically different from the normal larva. The reproduction of maple aphid in spring was investigated in relation to food resources. Maple aphids produced normal larvae on unexpanded leaves and aestivating dimorphs on expanded leaves. Even after they had produced aestivating dimorphs, they produced normal larvae when transplanted onto unexpanded leaves. Expanded maple leaves were nutritionally poor and the aphids reared on them produced only a few larvae. Unexpanded leaves showed high soluble nitrogen contents which decreased rapidly as the leaves expanded. Reproduction of aestivating dimorphs seemed to be correlated to the low soluble nitrogen contents in leaves. In a tree, inflorescences or new leaves, which were located in the terminal part of shoots contained higher amounts of soluble nitrogen and were suitable for the reproduction of the aphids. However such good feeding sites disappeared rapidly with time. Therefore, the migration of alates in the second generation to late budding trees was considered to be an efficient mechanism to secure food.

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