氷河内部の水脈形成実験

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  • Experiments on formation of water channels in a glacier.
  • ヒョウガ ナイブ ノ スイミャク ケイセイ ジッケン

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Experiments were conducted in laboratory on the formation and development of water veins and channels in ice. Under the condition of 0.0°C, veins of about 0.2 mm in diameter were formed within two days at triple junctions between grains of polycrystalline ice, and, one week later, water flow through the veins was observed using dye tracers. Measurements of discharge rate through a narrow, drilled hole in ice were also carried out by supplying pure water of 0.0°C from the upper end of the hole. The hole was enlarged as a result of melting of ice due to the heat converted from the potential energy of flowing water. The hole diameter increased from 1.5 mm to 2.7 mm by the continuous flow of water for five hours. Based on these experimental results and theoretical calculations, we conclude that, at the early stage of the ablation season in a temperate glacier, veins are firstly formed at the bottom of a supraglacial pond or a waterfilled crevasse, and they develop to water channels of an order of 10 cm in diameter after one month. If the water temperature of the pond is slightly higher than 0°C due to the absorption of solar radiation, the growth rate of channels is considerably higher.

収録刊行物

  • 雪氷

    雪氷 56 (2), 137-144, 1994

    公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会

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