Enzymatic Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Soybeans Using High Hydrostatic Pressure and Precursor Feeding

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  • UENO Shigeaki
    Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • KATAYAMA Takumi
    Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • WATANABE Takae
    Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
  • NAKAJIMA Kanako
    Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
  • HAYASHI Mayumi
    Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
  • SHIGEMATSU Toru
    Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
  • FUJII Tomoyuki
    Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences

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The effects were investigated of the glutamic acid (Glu) substrate concentration on the generation and kinetics of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in soybeans treated under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 200 MPa for 10 min at 25 °C). The conversion of Glu to GABA decreased with increasing initial Glu concentration in the soybeans. The crude glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) obtained from the HHP-treated soybeans showed substrate inhibition. The GABA production rate in the HHP-treated soybeans fitted the following substrate inhibition kinetic equation: v0=(VmaxS0)/(Km+S0+(S0)2/Ki). The Km value for the HHP-treated soybeans was significantly higher than that of the untreated soybeans. The Km values in this study show the affinity between Glu and GAD, and indicate that the HHP-treated soybeans had lower affinity between Glu and GAD than the untreated soybeans. GAD extracted from the HHP-treated soybeans showed a similar value to that in the HHP-treated soybeans. The intact biochemical system was so damaged in the HHP-treated soybeans that it showed substrate inhibition kinetics similar to that of the extracted GAD. The combination of HHP and precursor feeding proved to be a novel tool that can be used to increase the concentration of a target component.

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