Tephrostratigraphy and eruptive history of Shinmoedake volcano of the Kirishima volcanoes, Kyushu, Japan

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  • テフラ層序による霧島火山，新燃岳の噴火活動史
  • テフラソウ ジョ ニ ヨル キリシマ カザン,シンネンダケ ノ フンカ カツドウシ

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The Kirishima volcanoes comprise more than 20 volcanic edifices. The volcanic ejecta cover an elliptical area of approximately 330 km2, elongated in the NW-SE direction. The latest eruption of the Shinmoedake volcano in January 2011 was accompanied by pumice falls. The presence of Sm-St tephra (10.4 cal ka BP), Sm-My tephra (5.6 cal ka BP), and Sm-Kp tephra (AD 1716-1717) indicate that three magmatic eruptions must have occurred before the 2011 eruption. In this study, we detected three new tephras, namely, Sm-Sy tephra (4.5 cal ka BP), Sm-SrB tephra (2.7 cal ka BP), and Sm-SrA tephra (2.3 cal ka BP). Moreover, we discovered two lava flows, Ryobuike B and A, above the Sm-Sy tephra originating from the summit of Shinmoedake. In addition, we found Ryobuike C lavas beneath the Sm-Sy tephra. Ryobuike D lavas underlie the Otk-UsA tephra near the southern flank of the volcano. The crater was filled with Shinmoedake crater lava from an eruption that occurred after the Sm-Kp tephra eruptions, but before AD 1822.<BR>The repose time between the 2011 eruptions and the Sm-Kp tephra is approximately 300 years, and that between the Sm-Kp tephra and the Sm-SrA tephra is 2,000 years. The Shinmoedake volcano has experienced repeated active and quiescent periods. The eruption intervals indicate that the recent age may be the active period.<BR>The age of the Sm-Sy tephra, which erupted in the center part of the Kirishima volcanoes, is close to the ages of the Ebino D and Miike tephra that erupted in the northwestern part and southeastern part of the Kirishima volcanoes, respectively. The occurrence of these three pyroclastic eruptions from vents at distances of 4-8 km from each other during the same period indicates the higher volcanic activity of the entire Kirishima volcanic complex area.

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