Molecule Manipulation at Electrified Interfaces using Metal Nanogates

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  • MOTEGI Toshinori
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology
  • TAKIMOTO Baku
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Life Science Group, Fundamental Research Center, Kao Corporation
  • NABIKA Hideki
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material and Biological Science, Yamagata University
  • MURAKOSHI Kei
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University

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Previously documented results on molecule manipulation using metal nanogates are comprehensively reviewed to conclude novel characteristics, which could be widely used for the developments of the systems at electrified interfaces. Novel systems to segregate molecules from self-spreading lipid bilayers in electrolyte solutions have been developed by using metal nanogate structures on solid surfaces. The spatial distribution of target molecules in the lipid bilayer changes depending on the molecule characteristics, such as charge, size, and flexibility. Energy dissipation during the spreading of the molecules on the surface contributes to the compression of the lipid bilayer at the nanogate, leading to the formation of a gradient of the electrochemical potential of the bilayer system including the target molecule in the vicinity of the nanogate (<100 nm from the gate). The gradient results in a segregation force being applied to target molecules in the order of 10−15 N per molecule. The segregation property can be tuned by changing the electrolytes, lipid molecules, temperature, and the width and surface hydrophobicity of the metal nanogate. Introduction of asymmetry to the nanogate leads to further effective diffusion control in a direction perpendicular to the spreading. It has been demonstrated that target molecules with a different number of glycolipid per protein in the lipid bilayer are effectively separated based on the Brownian ratchet mechanism.

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  • Electrochemistry

    Electrochemistry 82 (9), 712-719, 2014

    公益社団法人　電気化学会

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