Vertical Fine Structures of Temperature and Water Vapor in the Free Atmosphere

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Abstract

More than 400 upper-air soundings at different geographical locations over the Japanese Islands for various seasons reveal that vertical fine structures of temperature and water vapor, having a venical scale of several hundreds of meters, commonly exist in the troposphere between 1 and 8 km MSL. The temperature and specific humidity fluctuations associated with the fine structures range between −0.4 and 0.4 K, and between −0.6 and 0.6 g kg−1, respectively. The specific humidity fluctuations are negatively correlated with the temperature fluctuations, and the positive (negative) peaks of the former are located right below the local maxima (minima) of buoyancy frequency. The existence of such fine structures of temperature and water vapor was also confirmed by an observation using simultaneously a radiosonde and a Raman lidar, which measures water vapor independently.

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