Safety and efficiency of the nuclear power; Criteria, ways of improvement.

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  • 核動力の安全性と効率　　評価法と改善策
  • カク ドウリョク ノ アンゼンセイ ト コウリツ ヒョウカホウ ト カイゼンサ

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Experience of nuclear power plants (NPP) operation has demonstrated that the nuclear safety concepts which has been dominating hitherto are too optimistic. Safety and economic efficiency are becoming “weak points” impeding extensive development of the nuclear power (NP). Since accidents in NP may have international consequences the safety requirements must be formulated proceeding from the expected scale of the world nuclear power development. The analysis of the typical scenarios shows that in NP development two stages may be outlined.<br>The basis of the first one (up to the years 2000) is recent generation of reactors for which the increasing safety program is being realized.<br>The second stage will require development and introduction the next generation of a safer reactor.<br>In the present paper the physical causes determining the possibility of high hypothetical accidents with severe consequences and the ways of their blocking or elimination have been considered. This makes it possible to formulate some criteria of the concept of the next generation safer reactor. Development of the concept assumes some clearly ontlined stages. The necessity for extension of a reachable safety level of the next generation reactor for all elements of the external nuclear fuel cycle is emphasized.

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