Chemical and Cultural Properties of Plant Culture Soils Made by Composting Some Weed and Crop Residues

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  • 緑農地から排出する各種植物性廃棄物を主材料とした培養土の諸性質と植物生育に対する影響
  • リョクノウチ カラ ハイシュツスル カクシュ ショクブツセイ ハイキブツ オ

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Abstract

Recently, large amounts of plant residues have issued not only from rural areas but also from urban areas by the increasing demand of green landscape. The major part of them is usually disposed of as organic waste. In order to research the effective method for agricultural use, some kinds of plant top residues (weeds : tall golden rod, mugwort and Japanese plume-grass ; crops : soybean and corn) were mixed and composted with sludges produced from water purification process in this experiment. The results obtained were as follows : 1) Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of plant residues used was higher in the order of japanese plume-glass > tall golden rod > corn > mugwort > soybean, respectively. Nitrogen content of mugwort and soybean was higher than that of the other plant residues. Among the mineral elements, it was markedly observed that P content of japanese plume-glass and corn, K content of corn and tall golden rod were higher than the other plant residues, respectively. Besides, soybean had the highest content of Ca and Mg. 2) pH and EC of plant culture soils made from each plant residue were in the range of 6.43 to 7.24 and of 0.10 to 0.22 mS/cm, respectively. 3) Nitrate nitrogen (NO_3-N) and Ca-P_2O_5 contents were the highest in the plant culture soil made from soybean residues, while they were the lowest in the culture soil from japanese plume-glass. Except for C/N and Ca content, any correlation was not observed between components of plant residues and culture soils. 4) Soybean and corn, with long cultivation period, grew well in any plant culture soils manufactured However, the growth of komatsuna and garland chrysanthemum with short cultivation period, was lower in any plant culture soils than in fertilized soil (control). 5) There was a higher correlation between average growth of crops and Ca-P_2O_5 or Ca contents in plant culture soils. From these results, it is clear that plant culture soils can be easily manufactured by mixing, and composting plant residues with sludges of water purification process. Moreover, it was considered that supplementation of phosphorus and calcium fertilizers was effective for manufacture of favorable plant culture soil.

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