The Water Conditions of the Bibai Wetland and the Investigation of Its Conservation Method

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  • 美唄湿原の水環境の特徴と保全
  • ビバイ シツゲン ノ ミズ カンキョウ ノ トクチョウ ト ホゼン

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Abstract

The Bibai wetland is located in the central part of the Ishikari peatlands (60,000 ha) . Almost all the peatlands except the Bibai wetland were reclaimed into paddy fields until 1970. Total area of the Bibai wetland is about only 50 ha but is scientifically significant. The wetland is now drying and subsiding by the drainage of the surrounding agricultural field. To conserve and recover the wetland, the water conditions were investigated. That is, the ground level, physical properties of the peat soil (three phase distributions, matric potentials and hydraulic conductivities), the underground water level and the water balance of the wetland were measured. The soil of the wetland was high moor peat and the volumetric solid content was around three percent. Nevertheless, the hydraulic conductivity was low and about 10^<-5> (cm s^<-1>) in the field. This was caused by the gas which was generated under anaerobic condition of the soil. The water balance of the wetland was estimated and the cause of the drying of the wetland was rapid discharge of the melting snow at early spring along the slope which was made by the drying. The most essential method to prevent drying and recover the wetland is to stress the melting snow by some means.

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