Soil carbon storage and its dynamics in agricultural land in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido

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  • 北海道十勝管内耕地土壌の炭素賦存量とその動態
  • ホッカイドウ トカチ カンナイ コウチ ドジョウ ノ タンソフゾンリョウ ト ソノ ドウタイ

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Abstract

The current amount of soil carbon in the top 1m of croplands in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, was estimated to be 37Tg on the basis of the Reports of the Soil Survey for Maintenance of Farmland Fertility, published from 1965 to 1975. Wet Andosols (Gleyic Andosols, WRB), which covered 17% (39,000ha) of the district's total land area, accounted for 31% (12Tg) of the total soil carbon. In order to clarify the kinetics of the soil carbon, soil CO_2 fluxes were measured seven times under bare field conditions from June to October in 2007. We tested the three major soil types in the district, namely Andosols (Silandic Andosols, WRB), Wet Andosols, and Brown Lowland soils (Fluvisols, WRB). The mean±standard deviation of the CO_2 flux on Wet Andosols was 76.7±31.6mg C m^<-2>h^<-1>, which was significantly higher than that on Andosols (43.2±16.9mg C m^<-2>h^<-1>). In 2007 a significant positive correlation (n=21, r=0.5352, P<0.05) was found between CO_2 flux and soil temperature at 5cm. The mean±standard deviation of the topsoil moisture content on Wet Andosol in 2007 (0.278±0.003kg kg^<-1>) was significantly (P<0.05) less than those in 1969, 1970, and 1971 (0.361±0.003kg kg^<-1>). The results indicated that the arable Wet Andosols in the Tokachi district could act as a large carbon pool. Drainage improvement works with the aim of increasing the productivity of Wet Andosols have been effective, and organic matter decomposition has likely been promoted by the decrease in moisture content of these soils. Further research on the kinetics of this large carbon pool will be needed in the future.

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