Effect of Soil Compression on the Soil Drying in Seedbed and Imbibitions of Soybean Seeds in Heavy Clayey Upland Field Converted from Rice Paddy

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  • 重粘質転換畑における土壌鎮圧によるダイズ種子の吸水促進効果
  • ジュウネンシツ テンカンバタケ ニ オケル ドジョウ チンアツ ニ ヨル ダイズ シュシ ノ キュウスイ ソクシン コウカ

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Abstract

The heavy clayey upland soils converted from rice paddies, which is a dominant soil type in Hokuriku region in Japan, has a difficulty in germination and/or emergency due to soil drought. The drought is caused by both the soil physical property that soil available water content for plants is low, and the practical property that seeding is conducted from late May to early June, when soil dried strongly. To facilitate seed imbibition, we studied the effects of soil compression on soil drying and imbibition of soybean seeds. Tillage start drying soil. The water content of soil within 50mm depth kept higher amount by soil compressed by seeder (6kPa) than that of uncompressed soil and the rate of imbibition of soybean seeds increased significantly. Furthermore uncompressed soil made extremely dried layer around 10-40mm depth, which involved the location of soybean sown (20-30mm). Such a dried layer did not observed at compressed soils clearly. This result indicated that seedbed without uncompression inhibited movement of soil water from lower to upper layers due to small contact area of soil clods. There was no significant effect of compression on imbibition experiment under the system without water evaporation in laboratory study. The result supported the our hypothesis well. We concluded that the major mechanism of compression on facilitation of imbibition was supplying of water from lower layer but not increasing the contact area between soil clods and seeds, and that soil compression on the morrow of tillage is the one of an effective techniques to facilitate seeds imbibition in the case that sown depth was around 20-30mm. Our results also imply that the machinery which conduct tillage, seeding and compress within one process is the one of the best device to improve imbibition of soybean seeds.

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