EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TSUNAMI GENERATION DUE TO HORIZONTAL CRUSTAL DEFORMATION

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  • 地殻変動の水平変位による津波初期水位への影響に関する実験的検討

Abstract

<p> In order to evaluate the effects of horizontal crustal displacements on the initial displacement distribution/condition on sea surface, we conducted hydraulic physical experiments by introducing a movable slope to simulate actual situations, carried out numerical analyses by using a tsunami simulation code, and compared the numerical results with those observed from experiments. Our experiment and analysis results show that the maximum tsunami height increases as the horizontal velocity of slope movement increases and the depth to water bottom decreases. All of the maximum tsunami heights on water surface are observed in the vicinity of a location above the center of the movable slope. To investigate what kind of conditions should be applied to explain the observed maximum tsunami heights, we also conducted a dimensional analysis. The analysis result suggests that the maximum tsunami height could be estimated by using a dimensionless risetime, which is defined as the risetime multiplied with the wave velocity and divided by the slope width. In comparison with experiment results, the numerical analyses tend to obtain a smaller tsunami heights, and cannot reproduce the time delay between the beginning of horizontal displacement and the arrival of the tsunami wave on water surface above the movable slope.</p>

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