Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children

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  • KIMURA Manami
    Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University
  • WADA Hiroo
    Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University
  • TANIGAWA Takeshi
    Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University

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Other Title
  • 小児の睡眠時無呼吸
  • ショウニ ノ スイミンジ ムコキュウ

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Description

In children, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) causes impairment in growth, cognitive function, attention and school performance. Definition, diagnostic criteria and treatment of pediatric SDB are not established, although the concepts of SDB spectrum or upper airway syndrome (UARS) may help us understand it. The prevalence of SDB in children is reported to be about 5%. Pediatric SDB is caused by combined multiple factors, such as upper airway (UAW) narrowing factors, UAW muscle tone factors. Obesity and adenotonsillar hypertrophy are important risk factor for pediatric SDB. Some studies suggest that obesity is more influential in older children, while adenotonsillar hypertrophy is relatively more important in younger children. Clinically, SDB leads to various symptoms in nighttime (e.g. snoring, apnea), those in daytime (e.g. rhinorrhea, sleepiness and inattention), and other future consequences (e.g. poor growth, poor school performance and cardiovascular diseases). Currently, there are several treatments for SDB available. We should aware that children who have daytime symptoms in school are possible SDB patients and that they should be appropriately screened for diagnosis and treatment.

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