The Meaning of Various Utilization of Iriai Forest in the Village

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  • 村落における入会林野の多義的な利用が持つ意味
  • 村落における入会林野の多義的な利用が持つ意味 : 武蔵国多摩郡堀之内村の共有地を事例として
  • ソンラク ニ オケル ニュウカイ リンヤ ノ タギテキ ナ リヨウ ガ モツ イミ : ムサシノクニ タマグン ホリノウチムラ ノ キョウユウチ オ ジレイ ト シテ
  • ─武蔵国多摩郡堀之内村の共有地を事例として─
  • ：A Case Study of the Common Lands in Horinouchi Village, Tama Gun, Musashi-no-Kuni

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Abstract

<p>　　　In recent years, the field of rural sociology has been discussing ways to recover relationships between people and forests in modern Japanese society. In this background lies the perspective that the relationships between people and forests became tenuous compared to what they were in the past, and a need for a new relationship between people and forests is being sought. It is therefore important to identify, as a preliminary step, how the relationships between people and forests have been originally formed within a village, and in case that such relationships have been severed, to figure out where the causes lay, from the perspective of environmental history.<br>　　　Based on these concerns, focusing on the perspectives of villagers, this study undertook a case on the common land of Horinouchi-village, Tama-gun, Musashi-no-kuni. From the historical point of view, the events of the end of Edo period and the Meiji Restoration period, were considered and an investigation was conducted based on analysis of archival records and interview surveys.<br>　　　Historically, in Horinouchi-village, the conditions of the common land, many a time, were formed amidst the conflicts that arose between the village and the external society, or within the village. The first incident was a resistance movement against the reclamation work of grasslands of the Tokugawa shogunate. Next was the utilization of resources of the common land as a source of village income. Village leaders established school forests to secure school management budget. However, when a proposal was made to sell the common land to appropriate the income for tax payment, half the villagers opposed this idea resulting in the failure of the plan. Working out the reasons behind these various utilizations of common land have an important implication for the discussion of the relationship between people and forests. Such a variation of utilization of the common land in the Horinouchi-village was influenced by the fact that the common land was being divided into the private and public areas.</p>

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