インドにおける聖と俗：政治権力に関する若干の考察

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タイトル別名
  • The Sacred and the Secular in Indian Political Tradition: A Critical Survey
  • インド ニ オケル セイ ト ゾク セイジ ケンリョク ニ カンスル ジャッカン ノ コウサツ

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<p>Sixty years after Independence, India now faces critical political situations as shown by the rise of Hindu Revivalism. In this connection, it is highly pertinent to evaluate the basic political trends in India and formulate a somewhat long-term view of her political future. In order to tackle this problem, this article aims to analyze the political culture of India, especially the concept of power in Indian political tradition. India has cultivated two distinct concepts of power: a secular concept of power embodied by the traditional Kshatriya and shared by the dominant castes in contemporary India; and an idealistic concept of power exemplified by Gandhian saintly politics, which is based on Brahmanical tradition. In the political field of modern India, these two rather opposite political orientations are intermingled and have exerted complicated but tremendous influences and determined her course of political development. </p><p>In spite of its ideology, Hindu Revivalism represents the secular political trend, and as such it lacks the potential to glorify the Indian state as well as mystify its political values. In this sense, politics of Hindu Revivalism is not qualitatively different from that of the Indian National Congress, which has been strongly influenced by the dominant castes since Independence. However, if Hindu Revivalism pursues its political objective too uncompromisingly, Indian politics might be drawn into a deadlock. And when the political confrontation becomes too acute, saintly politics may re-emerge. This type of politics is based on values that lie at the center of Indian tradition, so that it has the capacity of asserting itself when the situation becomes too serious, as is shown by the rise of Mahatma Gandhi during the Independence movement. Of course, it is uncertain whether this type of politics will re-emerge. However, if it does, it will stabilize the political system, by restraining political behavior and purifying the political process. </p>

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