Local Hunting and “Scientific” Conservation in Serengeti Changes in Wildlife Use of the Ikoma

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  • IWAI Yukino
    Graduate School of Human and Environment studies, Kyoto University

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  • 住民の狩猟と自然保護政策の乖離―セレンゲティにおけるイコマと野生動物のかかわり―
  • ジュウミン ノ シュリョウ ト シゼン ホゴ セイサク ノ カイリ セレンゲティ ニ オケル イコマ ト ヤセイ ドウブツ ノ カカワリ

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Abstract

<p>Since the 1980s, African wildlife conservation policy has taken an approach known as “community-based conservation (CBC),” the purpose of which is to win over rural inhabitants as conservation supporters. Most of CBC programs, however, continue base arguments of ecosystem sustainability and biodiversity on “scientific” research. This study examines the gap between “scientific” conservation policy and the reality of local resource utilization.</p><p>The Ikoma in Serengeti, Tanzania, have traditionally hunted wildlife for both subsistence and commercial use. After hunting regulations limited their activities, they innovated new tools and methods to avoid patrol. Current hunting practices are typically engaged in by specialized villagers only. Although these changes have resulted in people getting apart from wildlife physically and mentally, the wildebeest migration, which passes through Ikoma villages and around conservation areas, makes it possible for villagers to experience strong human-wildlife interaction. This paper suggests that conservation policymakers should take account of local needs and wildebeest migration ecology when regulating hunting methods and quotas. The compromise may be found in the concept of sustainable use, which is an issue of common concern for both conservationists and local people.</p>

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