Biomechanical Analysis of Golf Swing Motion using Musculoskeletal Simulation

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Golf is generally considered a safe and non-strenuous sport, though chronic and acute injuries are commonly reported in golf. The kinematic studies reported the importance of separation between upper torso and pelvis rotation, called the X-Factor, during the golf swing as one of the important golf performance parameter. For kinetic, a joint force and moments acting on the target-side knee are indirectly related to the ligament injuries for golfers. To prevent the injuries as well as improve the golfing skill, the understanding of joint kinematics and kinetics during a golf swing is important. In this study, we investigated the joint kinematics and kinetics of the human body during the golf swing motion using a musculoskeletal model, and their relationship with swing performance and injury risks. The results indicate the relationship between upper extremity rotations and X-Factor for the backswing to downswing. Furthermore, the high amount of loading was observed in the knee ligaments during the golf swing which may be associated with possible injuries. This study provides fundamental details of the movement mechanisms of major joints, as well as their relationships with performance parameters and injury risks. Such understanding can be combined with training to improve the golfing skill and prevent possible injuries.

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