Build Back Better through Promoting Human Rights

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  • 人権の視点を取り入れた「より良い復興」
  • 人権の視点を取り入れた「より良い復興」 : 大地震後のネパールにおけるジェンダー平等と社会的包摂
  • ジンケン ノ シテン オ トリイレタ 「 ヨリ ヨイ フッコウ 」 : ダイジシン ゴ ノ ネパール ニ オケル ジェンダー ビョウドウ ト シャカイテキ ホウセツ
  • Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Post-Earthquake Nepal
  • 大地震後のネパールにおけるジェンダー平等と社会的包摂

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Abstract

Disasters cause different effects to affected people according to vulnerabilities by gender, age, dis/ability and class. In order to put the concept ‘Build back Better’ into practice, it is indispensable to reduce the vulnerabilities in the society. Post-disaster periods are often perceived as the ‘windows of opportunity’ to change the society. But such changes are rarely examined in empirical studies. In the guiding principles of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, human rights are highlighted as follows; ‘Managing the risk of disasters is aimed at protecting persons and their property, health, livelihood and productive assets, as well as cultural and environmental assets, while promoting and protecting all human rights, including the right to development’. It also emphasizes that disaster risk reduction ‘requires empowerment and inclusive, accessible and non-discriminatory participation, paying special attention to people disproportionately affected by disasters, especially the poorest’. Equal participation, inclusion and human rights are indispensable to disaster risk reduction. This article aims at examining the on-going efforts towards gender equality and social inclusion in the post-earthquake Nepal with special attention to social exclusion as one of the factors of vulnerability. At first, the paper reviews existing policies on gender equality and social inclusion in Nepal and constraints to implement them. Such constraints occur due to the absence of the elected representatives in local assemblies. Secondly, the impacts of the earthquake, such as human casualty, property loss, increase of burden to women and violence against women are illustrated. Thirdly, cluster approach, a disaster response system, is explained with special attention to protection cluster and inter-cluster gender working group. Fourthly, the realities of human rights situation in the post-earthquake Nepal and the problems of citizens’ registration are presented. Finally, the paper argues that Rights-Based Approach should be integrated into the reconstruction work in order to achieve genuine ‘Build Back Better’.

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