中国東北部における伝統的満族集落の空間構成と家屋配置

<p>1. Background</p><p> The Manchurians living in northeast China, as one of the 55 ethnic minorities in China, have been protected their rights to use the minority language and maintain unique culture and customs. However, their lifestyle and housing environment have undergone rapid change under the great influence of Han race occupying a great majority of China over a long period of history.</p><p> At present, traditional residences and original culture of Manchu have been studied by many authors at home and abroad. On the other hand, there are only a few records of Manchu village in historical texts of ancient China. Additionally, very little research has been done on the spatial composition of Manchu villages.</p><p> Therefore, the aim of this study is to make clear the spatial composition and premises arrangement of traditional Manchu village by a case study on Shengli village which still has traditional Manchu residences in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Liaoning Province. In Shengli village, settled areas had been collected by the government in the 60’s. Therefore, we attempted to analyze by a statistical analytic method to the road contact condition, shape of house lot, homestead area and premises arrangement before and after of the compactification of residential area.</p><p> </p><p>2. Methods</p><p> This study consists of three contents.</p><p> 1. Grasp of the spatial composition of Shengli village before and after of the compactification of residential area by the hearing survey.</p><p> 2. Statistical analysis of data about road contact condition, shape of house lot, homestead area and premises arrangement.</p><p> 3. Individual case analysis on housing lots.</p><p> </p><p>3. Results</p><p> In Shengli village, there are five different street types. StreetIis the traditional street going east and west, StreetIIgoing north and south have existed before the compactification, StreetIII are new road to be connected with existing roads, StreetIV are the narrow paths leading to homesteads and StreetV is an arterial paved road. StreetI is the main road since the formation of Shengli village, StreetIII is the minor streets that be constructed under the influence of the expansion of residential area, StreetIV is the path that be constructed to lead to the individual residence and StreetV is the main road out of the village which be constructed by government policy to connect many major cities and villages.</p><p> In Shengli village, each homestead has been influenced by facing street type and period of the building land development. Manchu residence is basically similar to Han residence that the main house faces south. However, each homestead in Shengli village has different shape of house lot, homestead area and premises arrangement by facing street type and period of the building land development. For example, the average area of homesteads facing StreetIin old residential area is the smallest, the yard ship is rectangular, and the depth is almost two times the width, the layout of the courtyard is relatively compact. But the average area of homesteads that facing StreetII, StreetIII and Street IV in new residential area are larger, the depth are only slightly larger than the width, and the layout of the courtyard are relatively large.</p><p> The Manchurians originated in Hunting and nomadic people. But, in the process of domiciliation life, they have been influenced by the Han and other ethnic culture and technology. Meanwhile, they have also been formed their unique characteristics.</p>