Non-dermatophyte Mould Onychomycosis in Japan

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  • Noguchi Hiromitsu
    Noguchi Dermatology Clinic Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology
  • Matsumoto Tadahiko
    Noguchi Dermatology Clinic Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology
  • Kimura Utako
    Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
  • Hiruma Masataro
    Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology
  • Kano Rui
    Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences
  • Yaguchi Takashi
    Division of Bio-resources, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
  • Ihn Hironobu
    Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University

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Description

The incidence of non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis has been increasing worldwide for the past several decades, but it is not well recognized in Japan. Recent molecular techniques and phylogenetic analyses contributed to the identification of uncommon and emerging species. We came across 13 (0.5%) cases of non-dermatophyte onychomycosis among a total of 2,591 onychomycosis cases in 106,703 outpatients during the past 5 years (January 2015-December 2019). The cases included 5 patients with Aspergillus species, 4 patients with Fusarium species, and one patient each with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Botryosphaeria dothidea, respectively. Botryosphaeria dothidea is closely related phylogenetically to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. In Japan, at the time of writing this report, there are 26 reported cases of ungual aspergillosis and 18 cases of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium species. We summarize these cases and report the symptoms and mycological features.

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