リンゴ花芽の休眠と花成進行に関連したDORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box, FLC-like遺伝子の発現挙動

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  • DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box and FLC-like Expression Patterns in Apple Dormant Flower Buds in Relation to Dormancy Progress and Flower Bud Development
  • リンゴ カガ ノ キュウミン ト カセイシンコウ ニ カンレン シタ DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box, FLC-like イデンシ ノ ハツゲン キョドウ

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Most temperate fruit tree species enter dormancy in autumn and are released from dormancy after exposure of a certain amount of chilling. Recent reports suggested the involvement of some MADS-box genes in apple (Malus x domestica) dormancy regulation. In this review, gene expression patterns of apple MADS-box genes, named DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box1 (MdDAM1), MdDAM2, and FLC-like in relation to dormancy progress and morphological changes of internal flower structure during autumn until bud break, were first summarized. Previous studies revealed that these three genes were up-regulated in apple flower buds during dormancy. MdDAM2 reached at maximum expression level before chilling requirement fulfillment time whereas MdDAM1 stayed at higher expression levels even after it. FLC-like were up-regulated by exposure to prolonged chilling. All these MADS-box genes were up-regulated in correlation with flower organ differentiation and development and then down-regulated at bud break stage. As for functional characterization, the reported transgenic studies revealed that Rosaceae DAMs may act as bud break repressors while FLC-like inhibited vegetative growth in Arabidopsis. Taken together, some apple homologs of MADS-box genes well-known as flowering regulators in Arabidopsis may contribute to dormancy regulation by acting as growth inhibitors and bud break repressors during dormancy and flower bud development.

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