On the Correspondence of “Seeing the Inconceivable Realm” with the “Two Contemplations” of “Seeing Principles” and “Seeing Manifestations”: Its Interpretation in Song period Tiantai

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  • 観不思議境と理事二観の関係について――宋代天台における理解を中心に――
  • カン フシギキョウ ト リジ ニカン ノ カンケイ ニ ツイテ : ソウダイ テンダイ ニ オケル リカイ オ チュウシン ニ

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<p>Jingxi Zhanran 荊渓湛然 (711–782) offered a detailed interpretation of the concept of Seeing the Inconceivable Realm (guan busiyi jing 観不思議境) taught in the Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止観. On the other hand, he organized the Four Samādhis (sizhong sanmei 四種三昧) into the two contemplations of Seeing Principles (liguan 理観) and Seeing Manifestations (shiguan 事観). Of these two, Seeing Manifestations can be adapted to all activities of everyday life; it corresponds to what is called “the samādhi of following one’s own thoughts” (suiziyi sanmei 随自意三昧) of the Four Samādhis.</p><p>Furthermore, in the Southern Song period, Foguang Fazhao 仏光法照 (1185–1273) emphasized the significance of “the samādhi of following one’s own thoughts” in his interpretation of Seeing the Inconceivable Realm. In order to investigate the factors that gave rise to Fazhao’s specific interpretation, it is necessary to grasp how Song period Tiantai monks explained the correspondence of Seeing the Inconceivable Realm with the two contemplations of Seeing Principles and Seeing Manifestations. The present paper shows that Southern Song period Tiantai monks beginning with Baiting Shanyue 柏庭善月 (1149–1241) developed the notion that Seeing the Inconceivable Realm penetrates the two contemplations of Seeing Principles and Seeing Manifestations, while criticizing Shenzhi Congyi’s 神智従義 (1042–1091) theory of the two contemplations. In this way, the paper clarifies the background of Fazhao’s interpretation.</p>

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