ユニット型特別養護老人ホームの平面構成に自治体の基準運用が与える制約

<p> Unit type nursing home for the elderly need to meet many facility standards. These standards may hinder a new attempt and renovation for unit type. The focus of this research is the standard of the proximity between the living room and the bedrooms because this standard is the main factor that limits the layout plan configuration in the unit. In the layout planning, not only the designer but also the municipal welfare departments that judge the plan is involved.</p><p> The purpose of this study is to clarify the restrictions imposed by municipal welfare departments on the layout plan in unit type nursing home for the elderly. A survey of public documents and telephone interviews are conducted with 121 municipalities and analyzed. The number of official documents collected are 74 (61.2%), and the valid answers for interviews are 105 (86.8%).</p><p> Restrictions on layout plans in units based on facility standards are classified into six types according to the combination of "adjacency rule" and "division of living room". That half of the municipalities restrict facilities, where living rooms are independent become clear from the result. On the other hand, the four municipalities do not impose any restrictions based on the facility standard, indicating that there are regional differences. Most municipalities do not publish restrictions on the layout plan, and the opacity of information is an issue to be solved.</p><p> Also, positive and negative thoughts on the hall type, and the reasons, situations of the announcement, and influence on the layout plan are analyzed. Of the 14 municipalities that positively consider the hall type, 2 municipalities directly demand the hall type from the designer. Other municipalities, though not energetically demanding, may have indirectly affected the plan configuration. In addition, one municipality clearly shows that it is not legally binding, while describing it along with the reasons for taking it negatively. The selection criteria for open recruitment should be specified in the open recruitment materials so that they are not confused with the criteria for legally enforceable ordinances.</p><p> Requests regarding the living environment described in the public documents are also analyzed, and the contents are clarified. Describing these requests about the living environment is one of the effective ways to improve the quality of the facilities in the area. However, of the 74 municipalities collected, only 9 municipalities described it in official documents.</p><p> Buildings with high publicity, such as welfare facilities for the elderly, need to ensure a certain level of quality, but at the same time must improve the quality of each individual. For that purpose, the municipalities must first accurately describe the current policy in the materials and indicate it to the designers. Based on this, it is necessary to discuss each plan flexibly with designers and deepen mutual understanding.</p>